There are also calls to dismantle racism in healthcare professional education and clinical and research practices, for example:
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Akinlade O. Taking Black Pain Seriously. NEJM 2020, 383(10): e68. doi: 0.1056/NEJMpv2024759. Epub 2020 Aug 18. PMID: 32809299. |
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The American Psychiatric Association (APA) issued an apology for its support of structural racism in psychiatry, and detailed some of its racist acts and omissions; the APA’s actions were reported by the New York Times on April 30, 2021. |
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Amutah C, Greenidge K, Mante A, et al. Misrepresenting Race - The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias. NEJM 2021, 384(9): 872-878. doi: 10.1056/NEJMms2025768. Epub 2021 Jan 6. PMID: 33406326. |
| Bailey M. The Flexner Report: Standardizing Medical Students Through Region-, Gender-, and Race-Based Hierarchies. American Journal of Law & Medicine 2017, 43(2-3), 209-223. doi: 10.1177/0098858817723660. |
| Bailey ZD, Feldman JM, Bassett MT. How Structural Racism Works - Racist Policies as a Root Cause of U.S. Racial Health Inequities. NEJM 2021, 384(8): 768-773. doi: 10.1056/NEJMms2025396. Epub 2020 Dec 16. PMID: 33326717. |
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Bajaj SS, Stanford FC. Beyond Tuskegee - Vaccine Distrust and Everyday Racism. NEJM 2021, 384(5): e12. doi: 10.1056/NEJMpv2035827. Epub 2021 Jan 20. PMID: 33471971. |
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Borrell LN, Elhawary JR, Fuentes-Afflick E, et al. Race and Genetic Ancestry in Medicine - A Time for Reckoning with Racism. NEJM 2021, 384(5): 474-480. doi: 10.1056/NEJMms2029562. Epub 2021 Jan 6. PMID: 33406325. |
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Gilmore-Bykovsky A, Jackson JD, Wilkins CH. The Urgency of Justice in Research: Beyond COVID-19. Trends in Molecular Medicine 2021, 27(2): 97-100. |
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Griffith DM, Mason M, Yonas M, et al. Dismantling Institutional Racism: Theory and Action. American Journal of Community Psychology 2007, 39(3-4): 381-92. doi: 10.1007/s10464-007-9117-0. PMID: 17404829. |
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Hardeman RR, Medina EM, Kozhimannil KB. Structural Racism and Supporting Black Lives - The Role of Health Professionals. NEJM 2016, 375(22): 2113-2115. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1609535. |
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Ioannidis JPA, Powe NR, Yancy C. Recalibrating the Use of Race in Medical Research. JAMA 2021, 325(7): 623–624. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.0003. |
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Krakauer EL, Truog RD. Mistrust, racism, and end-of-life treatment. The Hastings Center Report 1997, 27(3): 23-25. doi.org/10.2307/3528663. PMID: 9219020. |
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Lantz, PM. The Tenets of Critical Race Theory Have a Long-Standing and Important Role in Population Health Science. Milbank Quarterly Opinion, July 14, 2021. doi: 10.1599/mqop.2021.0714. |
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Laws T. How Should We Respond to Racist Legacies in Health Professions Education Originating in the Flexner Report? AMA Journal of Ethics 2021, 23(3): E271-275. doi: 10.1001/amajethics.2021.271. |
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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Using Population Descriptors in Genetics and Genomics Research: A New Framework for an Evolving Field. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press 2020. https://doi.org/10.17226/26902. |
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Perritt J. #WhiteCoatsForBlackLives - Addressing Physicians' Complicity in Criminalizing Communities. NEJM 2020, 383(19): 1804-1806. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2023305. PMID: 33211926. |
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Power-Hays A, McGann PT. When Actions Speak Louder Than Words - Racism and Sickle Cell Disease. NEJM 2020, 383(20): 1902-1903. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2022125. Epub 2020 Sep 1. PMID: 32871062. |
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Steinecke A, Terrell C. Progress for Whose Future? The Impact of the Flexner Report on Medical Education for Racial and Ethnic Minority Physicians in the United States. Academic Medicine 2010, 85(2): 236-245. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181c885be. |