Face covering and physical distancing

Masking Emotions: Face Masks Impair How We Read Emotions, studies the impact of masks on toddlers, older children, and adults for recognizing emotional expression, May 2021

The Implications of Face Masks for Babies and Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Discussion Paper explores the possible long-term negative effects of masks for bonding and social development in infants, children, and families, February 2021

Bioethics and COVID-19: The Tension of Quarantine and Civil Liberties applies current US public health law to the pandemic, Summer 2020

The Unequal Cost of Social Distancing discusses the disparate impact of social distancing on already disadvantaged individuals and households

A Harm Reduction Approach to Physical Distancing, by Daniel Weinstock suggests thinking about space and time more creatively to make maintaining distance more plausible in the longer term, April 21, 2020

Center faculty member Alan Meisel is quoted in this USA Today Fact check: No mask? You can ask why — it isn’t against HIPAA or the Fourth or Fifth Amendments, July 20, 2020

Angela Merkel explains the risks of loosening social distancing too rapidly in this video clip with subtitles

Scientific and Ethical Basis for Social-Distancing Interventions Against COVID-1, a March 23, 2020 article from The Lancet Infectious Diseases that foretold many of the consequences experiences, while providing the rationale for the policies pursued

This 3-D Simulation Shows Why Social [sic. Physical] Distancing Is So Important; it the spread of coronavirus from a cough, sneeze, or conversation. A video at the end demonstrates through augmented reality technology what physical distancing looks like as one moves through a supermarket; the augmented reality technology may be downloaded for personal use in one’s own space

Cannonsburg-based Ansys is also developing 3D simulations to encourage physical distancing, such as this comparison of the difference between 3 feet and 6 feet distancing in the presence of a cough

Dr. David Price of Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York City shares information in a Zoom call with family and friends on empowering and protecting families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Note that this was produced March 22, 2020; nevertheless, much of the advice and explanation remains relevant, and its practical, measured approach seems both empowering and comforting. Further note: Since this video was made, all individuals are now being asked, and in many cases required, to cover their nose and mouth—using a nonmedical face mask or scarf—when they leave their homes, to avoid unknowingly transmitting the coronavirus. See:

The evolution of advice regarding mask-wearing reflects evolving evidence that the virus is transmitted in ways not initially appreciated; see these articles and a two-day workshop from the National Academies: